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Single-Token vs Dual-Token Economy in GameFi

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Comparing the Effectiveness of Token Economy System

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Introduction

What we have been noticing

The world of blockchain and cryptocurrency is constantly evolving, and one area that has seen a lot of innovation is the use of tokens in different types of ecosystems. A question that is frequently asked is whether a single token or a dual token model should be used. A single token model is attractive because it simplifies the tokenomics. However, it can limit the potential of the project and limit investor options. A dual token model can be more complex, but it also provides more options for investors and more flexibility for the project to grow and evolve.

In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of both options and examine how they can be applied in different scenarios, with a focus on blockchain-based games. We will also look at the primary use of tokens in games and how they can be used to improve the game economy. Whether you are a developer, entrepreneur, or simply a crypto enthusiast, this article will provide valuable insights into the world of tokens and their role in building successful ecosystems.

Key Topics this Article will Cover:

  • What is a Single-Token Economy (One-Token Model)?

  • What is a Dual-Token Economy (Two-Token Model)?

  • What’s the difference between the two?

  • What are the risks to watch out for with both token models?

  • Which token economy works best for GameFi?

  • Conclusion

What is a Single-Token Economy (One-Token Model)?

A single-token economy refers to a system where there is only one type of token or cryptocurrency that is accepted for all transactions. In this system, the token is used for both utility (buying goods and services) and governance (voting on protocol updates or proposals). 

An example of a single token economy is Bitcoin, where the token (BTC) is used for both buying goods and services and participating in the governance of the network through mining or staking. The value of all existing cryptocurrency is around $804 billion, with around $320 billion of that being attributed to Bitcoin.

What is a Dual-Token Economy (Two-Token Model)?

A dual-token economy refers to a system where there are two types of tokens: a utility token and a governance token. The utility token is used for buying goods and services, while the governance token is used for participating in the decision-making process of the network. This can include proposals for protocol updates, changes to the token economics, or the election of validators or other network participants. 

An example of a dual token economy is the blockchain-based game Axie Infinity, where the utility token is Smooth Love Potion ($SLP) and the governance token is called Axie Infinity Shards ($AXS). 

What’s the difference between the two?

There are advantages and disadvantages to both single-token and dual-token economies. Single token economies are simpler and easier to understand, as there is only one type of token to track and manage. However, single-token economies can also be more centralised, as token holders may not have as much power to shape the direction of the network. Single token economies can also lead to more concentrated wealth, as larger token holders will be able to buy up more tokens and increase their share of the total supply. This gives them power to shape the direction of the network in ways that may not be in the best interest of the other participants.

Dual token economies, on the other hand, can be more decentralised, as token holders have more power to shape the direction of the network. However, they can also be more complex and more challenging to understand, as there are two types of tokens to track and manage. This complexity may be beneficial in that it could help to provide more market liquidity, as well as more opportunities for token holders to create value. However, it also means that the network is more susceptible to market volatility, as there are more moving parts to track.

What are the risks to watch out for with both token models?

There are pros and cons to each model of token economy, but both can be utilised to establish a compelling value proposition for the community. A token economy model is the most common and effective way for project teams to measure the success of their work. However, it also presents some unique challenges that developers should be aware of. Here’s a list of potential risks associated with both token economy models.

Single-token economy:

  • Dependence on a single token can make the entire ecosystem vulnerable to market fluctuations and price volatility.

  • A single token can also become a bottleneck for the ecosystem, potentially limiting its growth and scalability.

  • A single token economy can also be at risk of centralisation. This is where a small group of individuals or entities end up controlling a large percentage of the total token supply.

Dual-token economy:

  • The success of the dual-token economy relies heavily on the proper functioning and adoption of both tokens. If one token is not adopted or fails to function as intended, it can negatively impact the entire ecosystem.

  • Having two tokens can create confusion for users and make it more difficult for them to understand the value and utility of each token.

  • It can also increase the risk of price speculation, as users may trade one token for another based on short-term price movements rather than long-term utility.

It’s pertinent to note that while these are potential risks, they can also be mitigated with proper design and management of the ecosystem.

Which token economy works best for GameFi?

The choice between a single-token economy or a dual-token economy depends on the specific use case and the goals of the project or platform, and the trade-offs that are willing to be made. A single-token economy can have benefits such as simplicity and ease of use, as there is only one token to keep track of and understand. This makes it easier for users to adopt, and it also makes it easier for the project or platform to manage and maintain. It also allows for a more stable and predictable value of the token, as there is less volatility and speculation in the market.

However, a dual-token economy can also have its advantages. Having a separate token for specific functions allows for a more fine-tuned and efficient allocation of resources within the ecosystem. For example, in the case of a decentralised application (dApp) or platform, using a utility token can help to ensure that resources are used in a way that aligns with the goals of the project. Additionally, having a separate token for governance rights can align the interest of token holders with the interest of the platform. This helps to ensure that token holders are incentivised to act in a way that increases the value of the platform and its associated token, as any increase in the value of the token will also increase their rewards. Furthermore, having a separate token for governance rights allows for more effective decision-making, as token holders have a direct say in the direction of the project.

Conclusion

The choice of whether to use a single-token or dual-token model in a blockchain-based game or other crypto projects is a complex one that depends on the specific use case and goals of the project. A single token economy can offer simplicity and ease of use, but it may also be vulnerable to market fluctuations and price volatility. A dual token economy can offer a more fine-tuned and efficient allocation of resources, but it may also create confusion for users and increase the risk of price speculation. 

It’s important to note that with proper design, management, and communication, the risks associated with both models can be mitigated to a substantial extent. The key is to understand the trade-offs that each model presents and to make a well-informed decision that aligns with the goals and vision of the project. Dieter Rams, a German industrial designer, once wrote: “Good design is making something intelligible and memorable. Great design is making something memorable and meaningful.”

Join us for a live discussion via Twitter Space on 31 January. We’ll tell you more about single-token and dual-token economy, and cover other topics such as the functions, pros and cons of medium of exchange tokens, value accrual tokens, semi-stable currencies, and more! Check out the tweet below for more information. See you there!